Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Excessive ER-mitochondria coupling: A DRP1-driven mechanism underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired autophagy in stress-induced depression-like behavior in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2026.104121

Figure Lengend Snippet: CSDS upregulates Drp1 expression in hippocampal neurons. A) Differential protein volcano map of CSDS group and Control group (n = 3 samples per group; each sample pooled from 6 hippocampi). Red: significantly upregulated (fold change >1.5); blue: significantly downregulated (fold change >1.5); gray: non-significant. B) CO-IP analysis of Drp1 protein and its ubiquitination level in hippocampus of three groups of mice. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test (Treatment, F (2, 15) = 162.8, P < 0.0001; Treatment, F (2, 15) = 12.10, P = 0.0007). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6 mice per group). ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 C) Representative images of Drp1 (green), MAP2 (neuron, red) and DAPI (nucleus, blue) in CA1 of two groups (left) and Pearson correlation coefficient was quantitatively analyzed (right, n = 5 mice brain slices). Scale bar: 50 μm. D) Experimental timeline of viral injection and CSDS modeling; Representative confocal Z-stack 3D reconstructed images of dendritic spines in CA1 (left) and dendritic spines was quantitatively analyzed (right, n = 5 mice brain slices). Scale bar: 2 μm. Student's t -test (P = 0.0041; P = 0.0006). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001. E) Representative images of Drp1 (green), VGLUT2 (Neuron, red) and DAPI (nucleus, blue) in hippocampal CA1 region of two groups (left) and the percentage of co-localized fluorescence was quantified (right). Scale bar: 50 μm. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test (Interaction, F (2, 24) = 2.671, P = 0.0897). The data were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5 mice brain slices). ns, p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Multiplex staining was performed using TSA-based immunofluorescence with primary antibodies: Drp1 (CST 12741S, 1:100), MAP2 (ab32454, 1:1000), GFAP (CST 12389, 1:400), IBA1 (ab178846, 1:1000), Vglut1 (CST #27181, 1:800), Vglut2 (ab216463, 1:250), OLIG2 (CST #65915, 1:400), and LAMP1 (CST 99437S, 1:100).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Injection, Fluorescence

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: DNA damage drives a unique, Alzheimer’s disease-relevant senescent state in neurons

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.02.716205

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein level differences in senescence-associated markers further distinguish neuronal and fibroblast responses to DNA damage (A) Schematic of immunocytochemistry (ICC) performed after IR in healthy dermal fibroblasts and iNs from the same donors (donors: A27, A48, ID98; 3 technical replicates per donor in each condition). 0.2% FBS low serum (LS) treatment was applied to CTL and IR fibroblasts to induce quiescence 72 hours prior to collection. (B) IR iNs and IR fibroblasts were stained for p21 (top left), p16 (top right), LMNB1 (bottom left), and HMGB1 (bottom right). Mean nuclear fluorescence intensity was quantified. (C) Nuclear area of IR iNs and IR fibroblasts quantified by DAPI staining (donors: A27, A48, ID98, 18 technical replicates per donor in each condition). (D) PSD95 staining for IR iNs and IR fibroblasts, imaged by confocal microscopy, and analyzed by Imaris to detect PSD95 spots on MAP2-positive dendrites and normalize to dendrite surface area. Two donors used for PSD95 staining (donors: A27, A48; 3 technical replicates per donor in each condition; donor A48 images and quantification shown in ). Tracks on MAP2 traced in Illustrator. All iNs imaged were quantified with automatic MAP2 tracing to measure p21, p16, LMNB1, HMGB1, and DAPI only in neuronal nuclei or PSD95 only in neuronal dendrites (Supp. Fig. 5). Imaging was performed on the Harmony Operetta CLS system at 63X unless otherwise stated. Nuclear intensity quantification of images performed by the Harmony analysis system and nuclei number after IR provided in Supp. Fig. 4. Statistics were calculated using multiple unpaired t-tests using Welch’s correction with Holm–Šídák adjustment for multiple testing with alpha = 0.05. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns: not significant, nd: not detected.

Article Snippet: Cells were then incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C overnight (γH2AX, abcam, ab81299, 1:250; 1:1000; pATM, Life Technologies, MA1-2020, 1:250; p21, abcam, ab109520, 1:100; p16, abcam, ab270058, 1:50; LMNB1, abcam, ab229025, 1:1000; HMGB1, abcam, ab79823, 1:250; 53BP1, abcam, ab175933, 1:200, PSD95, Life Technologies, MA1-046, 1:300; MAP2, Novus Biologicals, NB300-213, 1:400).

Techniques: Immunocytochemistry, Staining, Fluorescence, Confocal Microscopy, Imaging

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: DNA damage drives a unique, Alzheimer’s disease-relevant senescent state in neurons

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.02.716205

Figure Lengend Snippet: DNA damage induces greater damage lesions and a slower DNA repair-associated response in neurons compared to fibroblasts (A) Schematic of immunocytochemistry (ICC) performed over time after IR in healthy dermal fibroblasts and iNs from the same donors (donors: A48, ID97; 3 technical replicates per donor in each condition). (B-D) iNs and fibroblasts were stained for 53BP1 (B), γH2AX (C), and pATM (D) at 0 min, 15 min, 2h, and 24h after IR with magnified images from the viewfield in the bottom right of each image. Relative fold change (right panels) was calculated from mean foci number per nucleus (middle panels). All iNs imaged were quantified with automatic MAP2 tracing to measure 53BP1, γH2AX, and pATM foci only in neuronal nuclei (Supp. Fig. 5). Imaging was performed on the Harmony Operetta CLS system at 63X. Foci quantification of images performed by the Harmony analysis system. Intensity over time without relative fold change calculations provided in Supp. Fig. 6 along with nuclei number over time after IR. Statistics were calculated by two-way ANOVA (or Mixed Model) and corrected for multiple comparisons using the Dunnett method and reporting multiplicity-adjusted p-value for each comparison with alpha = 0.05. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns: not significant, nd: not detected.

Article Snippet: Cells were then incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C overnight (γH2AX, abcam, ab81299, 1:250; 1:1000; pATM, Life Technologies, MA1-2020, 1:250; p21, abcam, ab109520, 1:100; p16, abcam, ab270058, 1:50; LMNB1, abcam, ab229025, 1:1000; HMGB1, abcam, ab79823, 1:250; 53BP1, abcam, ab175933, 1:200, PSD95, Life Technologies, MA1-046, 1:300; MAP2, Novus Biologicals, NB300-213, 1:400).

Techniques: Immunocytochemistry, Staining, Imaging, Comparison

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Peripheral amylin modulation rebalances brain glycolysis and Tau-Ser214 phosphorylation via cAMP-PKA signaling

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115157

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of circulating amylin modulation on AD-like pathology in vivo and in human amylin-treated neonatal neurons (A–D) Heat maps comparing the brain tissue levels of pT231-tau, tau, Aβ 40 , and Aβ 42 in the same mice as in , , , , and (i.e., hA ON vs. hA i−OFF mice and hA OFF vs. hA i−ON mice). (E) Aβ immunofluorescence signal for Aβ (green) of cultured primary neurons incubated with human amylin (hAmylin; 1 μM for 4 h) or under control conditions (control). MAP2 (blue) was used to identify the neurons. n = 86 neurons from 3 primary neonatal rat neuron cultures. (F) Total Aβ level secreted in the culture media by primary neurons incubated with human amylin (hAmylin; 1 μM for 2 h) or under control conditions (control). Aβ was enriched by immunoprecipitation and measured by Western blot. (G) pTau and total Tau lysates from primary neurons incubated with human amylin (hAmylin; 1 μM for 2 h) or under control conditions (control). pTau and Tau were enriched by immunoprecipitation and measured by western blot. Individual data points and mean ± s.e.m for three neuronal cultures. (H) Effect of amylin on pS214-tau in cultured murine astrocytes. Cells were incubated for 30 min under control conditions or in the presence of human amylin (15 μM) with and without the amylin receptor antagonist AC187 (10 μM) or PKA inhibitor H-89 (10 μM). pS214-tau was measured by ELISA. Individual data points and mean ± s.e.m for three cell cultures. (I) Representative images of IHC analyses of cortical slices from hA ON mice stained for amylin (top) and for total Aβ (bottom) ( n = 5 slices/mouse from n = 3 mice). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple-comparisons test (H) and two-tail t test (E–G). See also .

Article Snippet: MAP2 Antibodies , Novus Biologicals , RRID: AB_2138178.

Techniques: In Vivo, Immunofluorescence, Cell Culture, Incubation, Control, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Staining